Tools

Scale a per-reaction PCR recipe to many tubes with overage, and get µL of each component plus water.

Calculate how much cell suspension and medium to dispense per vessel for a target seeding density.

Convert hemocytometer square counts into cells per mL, viable cells per mL, and viability percentage.

Size a normalized cell suspension for a target number of wells: source volume, diluent volume, and total preparation with excess.

Convert a colony count on a diluted plate into CFU/mL of the original sample.

Calculate stock volume needed for a dilution using C1V1 = C2V2.

Calculate molarity, mass, or volume for solution preparation.

Plan a multi-step serial dilution: solvent per tube, transfer volumes, and the concentration of every step.

Convert an A260 absorbance reading into DNA/RNA concentration (µg/mL) with purity ratio and total yield.

Estimate DNA oligonucleotide melting temperature (Tm) from sequence using the Wallace and basic GC formulas.

Convert an A280 absorbance reading into protein concentration (mg/mL and µM) from an extinction coefficient.

Convert between laboratory units: mass, volume, concentration, molarity, amount, length, time, temperature, and cell concentration.

Estimate replicates per group needed to detect a difference between two means at a chosen significance and power.